Korean Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul (Korea, Republic of).Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States) Volexion, Inc., Chicago, IL (United States).Korean Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul (Korea, Republic of) Korea Univ., Seoul, (Korea, Republic of).Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States).of Science and Technology (POSTECH) (Korea, Republic of) Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States) Pohang Univ.Overall, this study provides mechanistic insight into the high-voltage degradation of LNO, which will inform ongoing efforts to employ cobalt-free cathodes in Li-ion battery technology. By employing a graphene-based hermetic surface coating, oxygen loss is attenuated in LNO at high states of charge, which suppresses the initiation of the degradation cascade and thus substantially improves the high-voltage capacity retention of LNO. This undesirable atomic-scale structural evolution accelerates microscale electrochemical creep, cracking, and even bending of layers, ultimately resulting in macroscopic mechanical degradation of LNO particles. In this work, lattice oxygen loss is found to play a critical role in the local O3–O1 stacking transition at high states of charge, which subsequently leads to Ni-ion migration and irreversible stacking faults during cycling. Here, a multiscale exploration of high-voltage degradation cascades associated with oxygen stacking chemistry in cobalt-free LiNiO 2, is presented. However, its poor cycle life at high operating voltages over 4.1 V impedes its practical use, thus motivating efforts to elucidate and mitigate LiNiO 2 degradation mechanisms at high states of charge. LiNiO 2 (LNO) is a promising cathode material for next-generation Li-ion batteries due to its exceptionally high capacity and cobalt-free composition that enables more sustainable and ethical large-scale manufacturing.
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